| Полпред в Финляндии И. М. Майский и мятеж в Мянтселя | |
| Рупасов Александр Иванович 1 | |
| 1.1Санкт-Петербургский институт истории Российской академии наук | |
| Дата поступления 2022.02.01 | Аннотация. Анализируются советские оценки внутриполитического кризиса в Финляндии, вызванного так называемым мятежом в Мянтселя в конце февраля – начале марта 1932 г. Утверждается, что понятийный аппарат, которым пользовался посланник СССР в Финляндии Иван Михайлович Майский, не позволял сформировать адекватное представление о внутриполитических процессах в Финляндии – это обстоятельство вызвало резкое недовольство руководства Народного комиссариата по иностранным делам. Рассматриваются события в Мянтселя, в которых сказалось влияние лапуаского движения, лидеры которого публично придерживалось преимущественно консервативного антикоммунистического мировоззрения, основанного на ценностях семьи, религии и отечества. |
| Ключевые слова всеобщая история, дипломат, фашизм, движение Лапуа, Финляндия, радикализм, СССР | |
Библиография 1. Ahonen P. Domestic Turmoil and Diplomatic Isolation: The Lapua Movement in Finnish Foreign Policy, 1929–1932 // East European Quarterly. – 1992. – Vol. 26, no. 4. – P. 499–523. 2. Koskelainen S., Hjelm T. Christ vs. Communism: Communism as a Religious Social Problem in Finland’s Proto-Fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930s // Journal of Historical Sociology. – 2017. – Vol. 30, no. 4 (December). – P. 768–788. 3. Kähönen A. Activity in Finland and Limits of the Possible, 1919–1932 // Петербургский исторический журнал. – 2021. – № 4. – С. 193–206. 4. Vares V. Vanhasuomalainen: Lauri Ingman ja hänen poliittinen toimintansa. – Helsinki : WSOY, 1996. – 413 s. 5. Vares V.Y. From allies to opponents. Conservatives facing fascism in Finland in the 1930s // Scandinavian Journal of History. – 2021. – Vol. 46, Iss. 2. – P. 224–247. – DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2020.1816212. 6. Siltala J. Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset 1930. – Helsinki : Otava, 1985. – 704 s. 7. Karvonen L. Finland: From Conflict to Compromise // Conditions of Democracy in Europe, 1919–39. Systematic Case Studies / ed. by D. Berg-Schlosser, J. Mitchell. – London : Macmillan Press Ltd., 2000. – Р. 129–156. 8. Silvennoinen O. Home, Religion, Fatherland’: Movements of the Radical Right in Finland // Fascism. Journal of comparative fascist studies. – 2015. – № 4. – P. 134–154. 9. Ahti M. Kaappaus? Suojeluskuntaselkkaus 1921. Fascismin aave 1927. Mäntsälän kapina 1932. – Keuruu, 1990. – 379 s. | |
Сведения о финансировании и благодарности | |
| Soviet Envoy to Finland I.M. Maysky and the Mutiny in Mäntselä | |
| Rupasov Aleksandr I.1 | |
| 1.1St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences | |
| Received 2022.02.01 | Abstract. The article analyzes the Soviet assessments of the internal political crisis in Finland caused by the so-called mutiny in Mäntselä in late February-early March 1932. The article concentrates on the Mäntselä events, in which Lapua influences and individuals were in a prominent position, even though the movement publicly adopted a predominantly conservative anti-communist outlook centered on the values of home, religion and fatherland. The conceptual apparatus used by the USSR Envoy to Finland, Ivan Maysky, did not allow to form an adequate idea of the internal political processes in Finland. The analysis of Ivan Maysky’s views on the domestic political situation in Finland is based on his reports to the leadership of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (above all to Boris Stomonyakov, a member of the Commissariat’s Board who supervised relations with Finland). Correspondence with the Commissariat shows that the leadership of the Commissariat and the Envoy differed greatly in their assessment of the events and their consequences. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the same misunderstanding of what was happening in Finland was also displayed by the structures of the Communist International. The members of the Polish-Baltic Landersecretariat may have put very different meanings into the term “fascism”. Moreover, the emergence of fascism in Finland and its complete victory in the Comintern could be attributed to different eras (even to the beginning of the twentieth century). Furthermore, the victory of fascism in Finland could be correlated with very different social and political forces. Maysky was not the only one who did not have a clear view of fascism; in fact, he was prepared to see it as a purely militant right-wing radicalism, coloured by nationalism and backed by the state apparatus and banking circles. |
| Keywords general history, diplomat, fascism, Lapua movement, Finland, radicalism, USSR | |
References 1. Ahonen P. Domestic Turmoil and Diplomatic Isolation: The Lapua Movement in Finnish Foreign Policy, 1929–1932. East European Quarterly, 1992, vol. 26, no. 4, рp. 499-523. 2. Koskelainen S., Hjelm T. Christ vs. Communism: Communism as a Religious Social Problem in Finland’s Proto-Fascist Lapua Movement in the 1930s. Journal of Historical Sociology, 2017, vol. 30, no. 4 (December), рp. 768-788. 3. Kähönen A. Activity in Finland and Limits of the Possible, 1919–1932. Petersburg Historical Journal, 2021, no. 4, p. 193-206. 4. Vares V. Vanhasuomalainen: Lauri Ingman ja hänen Poliittinen toimintansa [Old Finn: Lauri Ingman and his political activities], Helsinki, WSOY Publ., 1996, 413 p. (in Finnish). 5. Vares V.Y. From allies to opponents. Conservatives facing fascism in Finland in the 1930s. Scandinavian Journal of History, 2021, vol. 46, iss. 2, pp. 224-247. DOI: 10.1080/03468755.2020.1816212. 6. Siltala J. Lapuan liike ja kyyditykset 1930 [Lapua Movement and Relocatings 1930], Helsinki, Otava Publ., 1985, 704 p. (in Finnish). 7. Karvonen L. Finland: From Conflict to Compromise. Berg-Schlosser D., Mitchell J. (eds.). Conditions of Democracy in Europe, 1919–39. Systematic Case Studies, London, Macmillan Press Ltd., 2000, pp. 129-156. 8. Silvennoinen O. Home, Religion, Fatherland’: Movements of the Radical Right in Finland. Fascism. Journal of comparative fascist studies, 2015, no. 4, рp. 134-154. 9. Ahti M. Kaappaus? Suojeluskunta selkkaus 1921. Fascismin aave 1927. Mäntsälän kapina 1932. [Capture? Conflict with the Schutzkor in 1921. Phantom Fascism in 1927. Mutiny in Mäntsela in 1932], Keuruu, 1990, 379 p. (in Finnish). | |
Acknowledgements | |
| Сведения об авторах Рупасов Александр Иванович 1.1 |
| About the authors Rupasov Aleksandr I. 1.1 |
