| Образ шотландского горца в творчестве Вальтера Скотта | |
| Шестакова Надежда Фёдоровна 1 | |
| 1.1Уральский государственный педагогический университет | |
| Дата поступления 2022.03.11 | Аннотация. В середине XVIII – начале XIX в. расцвет антикварного движения, развитие археологии и господство примитивизма способствовали росту интереса к истории и культуре кельтских народов, которых стали воспринимать и идеализировать как коренных жителей Британских островов. Однако в рамках колониального дискурса английской короны транслировалась обратная сторона примитивизма, а именно стереотипное представление о кельтах как о «добрых дикарях», отказавшихся от развития. В этот период островком дикости и варварства в Великобритании по-прежнему оставалось шотландское Высокогорье. В статье предпринимается попытка, с одной стороны, на основе визуальных источников выделить и проследить трансформацию облика жителя Хайленда в представлении британской общественности, с другой стороны, сравнить этот облик с образом горца в творчестве Вальтера Скотта. В ходе исследования был сделан вывод о том, что, несмотря на подтверждение писателем некоторых стереотипов, распространённых среди англичан, он создаёт романтический и героический образ выходца из Высокогорья как символа свободы и как олицетворение культурной самобытности Шотландии. |
| Ключевые слова всеобщая история, горец, Шотландия, идентичность, Вальтер Скотт, образ, Кельтское возрождение | |
Библиография 1. Gazin-Schwartz A. Imaging the Scottish Highlands // Historical Archaeology. – 2007. – Vol. 41. – № 1. – P. 92–105. 2. Robertson J. M. The Saxon and the Celt: A Study in Sociology. – London : University Press, 1897. – 349 p. 3. Trevor-Roper H. The Invention of Tradition: The Highland Tradition of Scotland // The Invention of Tradition / ed. by E. Hobsbawm, T. Ranger. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1983. – P. 15–42. 4. Sievers M. The Highland Myth as an Invented Tradition of 18th and 19th Century and Its Significance for the Image of Scotland. – München : GRIN Verlag, 2007. – 64 p. 5. Lumsden A. “Beyond the Dusky Barrier”: Perceptions of the Highlands in the Waverley Novels // Mìorun-Mòr nan Gall, ‘The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander’? Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern / ed. by D. Broun and M. MacGregor. – Glasgow : Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies, University of Glasgow, 2007. – P. 158–186. 6. Stroh S. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900. – Evanston : Northwestern University Press, 2017. – 331 p. 7. Bisson S. How Walter Scott Wrote the Scottish National Landscape. A Study of the Sublime and the Picturesque in Three Jacobite Novels // Environmental and Ecological Readings: Nature, human and posthuman Dimensions in Scottisch Literature & Arts (XVIII–XXIe) / dir. Ph. Laplace. – Besançon : Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté Collection, 2015. – P. 93–111. – (Annaleslittéraires, 947). 8. Vasconcelos S. G. T. Wavering over Borderlines: History and Fiction in Walter Scott // A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies. – 2009. – № 57. – P. 139–150. 9. Petland G. We Speak for the Read: Images of Scots in Political Prints, 1707–1832 // Scottish Historical Review. – 2011. – Vol. 90. – No. 1. – P. 64–95. 10. Pittoсk M. G. H. Celtic identity and the British image. – Manchester : Manchester University Press, 1999. – 196 p. 11. MacLean D. G. The Image of the Scottish Highlands. – Austin, 1978. – 232 p. 12. Косых Т. А. Шотландия и её жители глазами англичан XVIII в.: к вопросу о стереотипах в межкультурной коммуникации // Известия Уральского федерального университета. Серия 2, Гуманитарные науки. – 2017. – Т. 19. – № 2 (163). – С. 180–189. – DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2017.19.2.034. 13. Жерновая О. Р. Современный образ «британских» шотландцев в английских этнических шутках и анекдотах в контексте противостояния национально-культурных идентичностей // Современные исследования социальных программ. – 2016. – № 3-2 (27). – С. 175–191. 14. Велилаева Л. Р. Образ Родины в шотландской эмиграционной поэзии США XIX века: персонажный контекст // Вестник Томского государственного педагогического университета. – 2017. – № 7 (184). – С. 160–162. – DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2017-7-160-163. | |
Сведения о финансировании и благодарности Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект «“Кельтское возрождение” (середина XVIII – начало XX вв.): панкельтицизм и конструирование национальной идентичности народов Британских островов», № 21-78-00038). | |
| The Image of the Scottish Highlander in the Walter Scott’s Novels | |
| Shestakova Nadezhda F.1 | |
| 1.1Ural State Pedagogical University | |
| Received 2022.03.11 | Abstract. The period of the middle of the 18th century and the early 19th century was notable for the extraordinary development of archaeology, antiquarianism explosion and primitivism domination, which contributed significantly to raising the interest in history and culture of Celtic nations; those were seen as indigenous people of the British Isles and were highly idealized. However, within official colonial discourse of the Crown of England the other side of primitivism was inculcated. Namely, they were stereotypically considered as ‘noble savages’, who forewent any opportunity for growth. During this time, The Highlands of Scotland still remained a stronghold of wildness and barbarity. In this study the author made an afford, from one hand, to identify and trace how extrinsic ethos of Highlanders has transformed in the estimation of the public on the basis of visual sources of information. On the other hand, comparison of this notion with Walter Scott’s Highlanders characters forms a significant part of the research. In the course of thy study the following conclusions were reached: despite the fact that the writer endorsed some of the stereotypes, that were common among Englishmen, he established a romantic and heroic image of a native of the Highlands of Scotland as a symbol of freedom and the personification of Scottish cultural identity. |
| Keywords general history, highlander, Scotland, identity, Walter Scott, image, Celtic revival | |
References 1. Gazin-Schwartz A. Imaging the Scottish Highlands. Historical Archaeology, 2007, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 92-105. 2. Robertson J.M. The Saxon and the Celt: A Study in Sociology, London, University Press, 1897, 349 p. 3. Trevor-Roper H. The Invention of Tradition: The Highland Tradition of Scotland. Hobsbawm E., Ranger T. (eds.). The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp. 15-42. 4. Sievers M. The Highland Myth as an Invented Tradition of 18th and 19th Century and Its Significance for the Image of Scotland, München, GRIN Publ., 2007, 64 p. 5. Lumsden A. “Beyond the Dusky Barrier”: Perceptions of the Highlands in the Waverley Novels. Broun D., MacGregor M. (eds.). MìorunMòr nan Gall, ‘The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander’? Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern, Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies, University of Glasgow Publ., 2007, pp. 158-186. 6. Stroh S. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900, Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 2017, 331 p. 7. Bisson S. How Walter Scott Wrote the Scottish National Landscape. A Study of the Sublime and the Picturesque in Three Jacobite Novels. Laplace Ph. (ed.). Environmental and Ecological Readings: Nature, human and posthuman Dimensions in Scottisch Literature & Arts (XVIII-XXIe), Annaleslittéraires, 947, Besançon, Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté Collection Publ., 2015, pp. 93-111. 8. Vasconcelos S.G.T. Wavering over Borderlines: History and Fiction in Walter Scott. A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies, 2009, no. 57, pp. 139-150. 9. Petland G. We Speak for the Read: Images of Scots in Political Prints, 1707–1832. Scottish Historical Review, 2011, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 64-95. 10. Pittosk M.G.H. Celtic identity and the British image, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1999, 196 p. 11. MacLean D.G. The Image of the Scottish Highlands, Austin, 1978, 232 p. 12. Kosykh T.A. The Highlands and Their Inhabitants through the Eyes of 18th Century Englishmen: On Stereotypes in Intercultural. Izvestia. Ural Federal University Journal. Series 2. Humanities and Arts, 2017, vol. 19, no. 2 (163), pp. 180-189. DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2017.19.2.034. (in Russian). 13. Zhernovaya O.R. Modern Image of "British" Scots in English Jokes and Anecdotes in the Context of National and Cultural Identities’ Opposition. Modern Studies of Social Issues, 2016, no. 3-2 (27), pp. 175-191. (in Russian). 14. Velilaeva L.R. The Motherland Image of the XIXth Scottish Emigrational Poetry: Personage Context. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2017, no. 7 (184), pp. 160-162. DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2017-7-160-163. (in Russian). | |
Acknowledgements The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project “Celtic Renaissance” (mid-18th – early 20th centuries): pan-Celticism and the construction of the national identity of the peoples of the British Isles, no. 21-78-00038). | |
| Сведения об авторах Шестакова Надежда Фёдоровна 1.1 |
| About the authors Shestakova Nadezhda F. 1.1 |
